RESUMEN

El tabaquismo se asocia a varios efectos adversos para la salud, como enfermedades cardiovasculares y respiratorias, accidentes cerebrovasculares, cardiopatías coronarias y cáncer. A pesar de ello, su uso está muy extendido en todo el mundo. En las últimas dos décadas, los cigarrillos electrónicos han surgido como una alternativa para el uso de los cigarros convencionales. Sin embargo, el uso de cigarrillos electrónicos no está exento de efectos adversos, especialmente entre adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, donde se ha demostrado daño a nivel respiratorio, cardiovascular y neurológico. No obstante, se requiere mayor información sobre su posible asociación con la incidencia de cáncer. Los cigarrillos electrónicos producen un aerosol al calentar los e-líquidos, que consisten en mezclas de diversos compuestos, liberando material particulado, nicotina, propilenglicol, glicerina, etilenglicol, vitamina E, especies reactivas de oxígeno, metales pesados, compuestos orgánicos volátiles e hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos, donde se incluye al Benzo[a]Antraceno, capaz de activar el receptor de hidrocarburos de arilo, que a su vez modula la expresión y actividad de las enzimas del citocromo P450, favoreciendo la bioactivación de estos compuestos, promoviendo la mutagénesis y la carcinogénesis. Esta revisión describe el posible riesgo del contenido de Benzo[a]Antraceno en los cigarrillos electrónicos, su vía de activación-señalización y su asociación con la carcinogénesis pulmonar.

PALABRAS CLAVE

cigarrillos electrónicos, cáncer de pulmón, hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos, citocromo P450.

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