RESUMEN

La valoración cardiopulmonar es esencial en la hipertensión arterial pulmonar (HAP) para establecer un diagnóstico adecuado y determinar la gravedad de la enfermedad. En este rubro, algunas pruebas sirven para evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento: pruebas de función respiratoria, gasometría arterial, prueba de caminata de 6 minutos y prueba de ejercicio cardiopulmonar; también es necesaria la determinación de la clase funcional y de la calidad de vida. Las pruebas de función respiratoria (espirometría y difusión de monóxido de carbono) permiten establecer la presencia de enfermedades pulmonares asociadas con la HP. Las pruebas de ejercicio (caminata de 6 minutos y prueba de ejercicio cardiopulmonar) evalúan la capacidad de ejercicio y el desempeño cardiopulmonar durante el mismo, de esta forma determinan en forma objetiva la condición inicial, la respuesta al tratamiento establecido y proporcionan una estimación pronóstica de la enfermedad. Por último, las escalas de clase funcional y de calidad de vida son instrumentos muy útiles para el seguimiento de los pacientes, así como para determinar el impacto real de los tratamientos en su vida diaria.

PALABRAS CLAVE

Espirometría, gasometría arterial, caminata de 6 minutos, valoración cardiopulmonar incremental.

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