RESUMEN

Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo en pacientes con enfermedades pulmonares.
Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles a partir de dos bases de datos rutinarias y se corroboró la información en los expedientes clínicos de pacientes egresados del 2000 al 2007. Los pacientes con infección por VIH fueron excluidos. Los 10 grupos de casos fueron: (1: 948, neumonía bacteriana [NB]), (2: 487, tuberculosis [TB]), (3: 108, asma), (4: 127, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica [EPOC]), (5: 95, fibrosis pulmonar idiopática [FPI]), (6: 160, neumotórax espontáneo [NE]), (7: 70, cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas [CPCP]), (8: 51, cáncer de pulmón de células grandes [CPCG]), (9: 120, cáncer de pulmón de células escamosas [CPCE]), y (10: 459, adenocarcinoma de pulmón [AP]). Los controles fueron 1,305 pacientes de otorrinolaringología [ORL].
Resultados: El humo de leña se asoció con: TB (RM = 2.9 [IC 95%, 2.2-3.7) p ‹ 0.0001), EPOC (RM = 3.0 [IC 95%] 1.6-5.6 p ‹ 0.0001), CPCG (RM = 2.5 [IC 95%, 1.3-4.9] p = 0.006), y AP (RM = 1.6 [IC95% 1.2-2.2] p = 0.005). En los mismos modelos el tabaquismo se asoció con NB, NE, EPOC, CPCP y CPCE.
Conclusiones: Las bases de datos hospitalarias permiten identificar factores de riesgo respiratorios, tales como la exposición a humo de leña y el tabaquismo.

PALABRAS CLAVE

Base hospitalaria, biomasa, contaminación, enfermedades respiratorias, intradomiciliaria, tabaquismo.

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