RESUMEN

Las acuaporinas (AQP) son una familia de pequeñas proteínas integrales (entre 28 y 32 kD) que se localizan en la superficie de las membranas celulares. Constituyen un sistema molecular cuya principal función es facilitar el transporte de agua a través de las membranas celulares en respuesta a gradientes osmóticos. Hasta el momento se han identificado 13 subtipos distribuidos en diferentes órganos del ser humano incluyendo: riñón, cerebro, ojos y el sistema respiratorio. Los modelos experimentales disponibles han permitido conocer la expresión y función de las AQP en el sistema respiratorio; sin embargo, las potenciales implicaciones clínicas derivadas del conocimiento de estas estructuras requieren explorarse en posteriores estudios. La evidencia científica disponible sugiere que las AQP juegan un papel central en la fisiopatología de entidades clínicas relacionadas con el desequilibrio osmótico y, además, parecen ser relevantes en los procesos de migración celular. Esta revisión tiene como propósito simplificar la información disponible acerca del funcionamiento y participación de las AQP en el sistema respiratorio.

PALABRAS CLAVE

Acuaporinas, canales de agua, fisiología respiratoria, derrame pleural, lesión pulmonar aguda, cáncer.

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