RESUMEN

Los trastornos del dormir son problemas extraordinariamente frecuentes en la población. Los principales síntomas o trastornos, por su frecuencia e implicaciones clínicas, son el insomnio, el síndrome de apnea e hipopnea del sueño y la somnolencia diurna excesiva. Éstos han sido extensivamente estudiados, principalmente en la población occidental, pero su prevalencia y diferencias clínicas son mucho menos conocidas, tanto en la población hispana de los Estados Unidos de América como en la población residente de América Latina. Además de un origen común, tanto hispanos como latinos comparten aspectos culturales, existe gran disparidad socioeconómica y pobre cobertura de servicios médicos, lo que representa una desventaja para la salud. Un proceso de migración y aculturación con prevalencias crecientes de obesidad y de trastornos de sueño son resultado de este proceso. En este artículo se caracterizan estas poblaciones y se hace una revisión de la información clínica y epidemiológica conocida con respecto a los principales síntomas y trastornos del sueño con mayor énfasis en la apnea del sueño.

PALABRAS CLAVE

Trastornos del sueño, trastornos respiratorios del sueño, apnea del sueño, etnicidad, hispanos, Latinoamérica.

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