RESUMEN

El cáncer de pulmón es la principal causa de muerte por cáncer en el mundo y su incidencia continúa aumentando, por lo que es probable continúe como un problema de salud en años venideros. Sin embargo, los avances recientes en la biología de tumores muestran claras evidencias de que en las mujeres los tumores de pulmón son diferentes a los del hombre. Las mujeres son más propensas a presentar adenocarcinoma, tienden a recibir diagnóstico a una edad más temprana y con mayor frecuencia se diagnostican con enfermedad localizada. También pueden estar más predispuestas a aberraciones moleculares resultantes de los efectos cancerígenos del tabaco. Además, existen diferencias genómicas, hormonales y agentes infecciosos que pueden ser responsables de las diferencias entre mujeres y hombres. Estas diferencias parecen tener un impacto directo en el comportamiento clínico y de la respuesta al tratamiento. Así, el aumento del conocimiento de las diferencias de sexo en el cáncer de pulmón nos permitirá encontrar diferentes subgrupos susceptibles o con mejor respuesta al tratamiento.

PALABRAS CLAVE

Adenocarcinoma, cáncer de pulmón, diferencias genéticas, mujer, susceptibilidad genética, tabaco.

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