RESUMEN

Introducción: La exposición a humo de leña y de tabaco en el interior de la vivienda daña particularmente a los niños debido a la inmadurez de su sistema respiratorio e inmunológico, por lo que tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar tuberculosis pulmonar (TB). Objetivo: Determinar si existe una asociación entre la exposición a humo de leña y el riesgo de desarrollar TB respiratoria confirmada en niños con edad ≤17 años, no fumadores. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo, de base hospitalaria, no pareado del 2000-2010. (Número de aprobación C07-03). Los casos fueron pacientes con TB confirmada y los controles pacientes de otorrinolaringología (ORL). Los factores de riesgo del huésped, de la vivienda y del ambiente fueron obtenidos de las bases de datos institucionales. Se usó análisis de regresión logística no condicional. Resultados: Se incluyeron 28 niños con TB y 337 controles de ORL. En el análisis multivariado la exposición a humo de leña se asoció a un mayor riesgo de TB (RM = 3.2 [IC95% 1.3-9.9], p = 0.01), después de controlar por factores de confusión. Conclusión: La exposición al humo de leña se asocia con el desarrollo de TB en niños. En nuestro estudio el tabaquismo pasivo no se asoció al desarrollo de TB.

PALABRAS CLAVE

Biomasa, humo de leña, niños, tabaquismo pasivo, tuberculosis.

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