RESUMEN

El síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA) es secundario a una lesión pulmonar o extrapulmonar aguda, que conduce al daño de la membrana alveolocapilar pulmonar con aumento de la permeabilidad. La descripción clínica del síndrome se ha abordado en varias revisiones; sin embargo, aún es difícil predecir el comportamiento clínico que seguirán algunos pacientes, ya que mientras unos se agravan rápidamente otros logran su mejoría. El conocimiento de los aspectos moleculares que regulan los procesos fisiológicos serán abordados en esta revisión, con la finalidad de identificar posibles marcadores genéticos de valor predictivo que permitan identificar a aquellos pacientes que podrían ser más susceptibles a desarrollar SDRA, o bien al grupo de pacientes con mayor probabilidad de tener una mejor respuesta a un tratamiento determinado, así como el pronóstico de los pacientes individuales.

PALABRAS CLAVE

Lesión pulmonar aguda, síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, biomarcadores, tratamiento.

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