RESUMEN

Introducción: Son pocos los estudios polisomnográficos de sueño nocturno en recién nacidos pretérmino. Nuestro objetivo fue describir la arquitectura de sueño nocturno y los eventos respiratorios asociados como apnea y saturación de oxígeno en niños menores de 3 meses de vida posnatal. Material y método: Se seleccionaron 30 recién nacidos ≤ 37 semanas de gestación, edad posconcepcional ≤ 3 meses, no hospitalizados. Se les valoró con polisomnografía nocturna con 8 horas de duración promedio. Resultados: La mediana de semanas de gestación fue 34 ± 1.5, la edad al momento del estudio 43.5 ± 25.5 días. El tiempo total de sueño quieto fue mayor al tiempo total de sueño activo (Wilcoxon p = 0.411). El índice de apneas centrales en tiempo total de sueño activo (76.2 ± 53.4) fue mayor que en tiempo total de sueño quieto (33.6 ± 31.7) Wilcoxon p = 0.026. La mediana de la SaO₂-promedio fue 93.5%. Durante 27% del tiempo total de sueño se registró hipoxemia intermitente. Conclusiones: 27% del tiempo total de sueño nocturno con hipoxemia intermitente es condición de riesgo en el desarrollo físico y cognitivo de recién nacidos pretérmino. La identificación temprana de hipoxemia intermitente al dormir y su tratamiento oportuno son necesarios.

PALABRAS CLAVE

Apnea, desarrollo, hipoxemia intermitente, polisomnografía nocturna, pretérmino, sueño activo, sueño quieto.

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