RESUMEN

La autofagia es un proceso fundamental de degradación intracelular de organelos y proteínas dañadas. La autofagia es también un mecanismo esencial para la adaptación al estrés, la supervivencia y la homeostasis celular. Paradójicamente, la autofagia también puede promover la muerte celular, pero cuándo y cómo la autofagia puede tener funciones pro o antiapoptóticas, es aún desconocido. La autofagia involucra el reclutamiento y la degradación de organelos dañados, agregados de proteínas, proteínas de larga vida y patógenos en vesículas de doble membrana llamadas autofagosomas, que luego se fusionan con los lisosomas para formar los autofagolisosomas (o autolisosomas). Alteraciones en la autofagia han sido implicadas en una amplia gama de trastornos, incluyendo enfermedades pulmonares. En esta revisión, se discute lo que al presente se sabe sobre el papel de la autofagia en el inicio y la progresión de diferentes trastornos pulmonares. Algunos estudios indican que la autofagia podría tener un papel deletéreo en la patogénesis de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y del asma. En otros trastornos como la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática y la fibrosis quística, la inhibición de la autofagia puede contribuir a la patogénesis.

PALABRAS CLAVE

Apoptosis, asma, autofagia, homeostasis, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, fibrosis pulmonar idiopática, fibrosis quística.

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