RESUMEN

En esta revisión se presenta evidencia concluyente de que los trastornos respiratorios del dormir son más frecuentes durante el embarazo y que se asocian a peores desenlaces en la madre y en el neonato. A través de cuestionarios es posible hacer un tamizaje para identificar a las pacientes con alto riesgo de apnea obstructiva del sueño, síndrome de piernas inquietas e insomnio y que puedan entonces ser referidas para su estudio mediante polisomnografía. Asimismo, existe evidencia suficiente de que el tratamiento con presión aérea positiva continua en la vía aérea (CPAP) disminuye riesgos maternos y fetales en pacientes embarazadas con apnea obstructiva del sueño. Finalmente, el tratamiento con CPAP incide directamente en algunas causas de muerte materna, muertes que podrían ser evitables.

PALABRAS CLAVE

Trastornos respiratorios, mujeres embarazadas, trastornos del sueño-vigilia.

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