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El transporte y la utilización tisular de oxígeno de la atmósfera a la mitocondria

Juan Gabriel Posadas Calleja, Alejandra Ugarte Torres, Guillermo Domínguez Cherit





2006, Número 2

2006; 65 (2)






RESUMEN

En órganos con grandes exigencias metabólicas como el corazón y el cerebro, la disminución sostenida del aporte de oxígeno a las células ocasiona daño irreversible. Uno de los mecanismos de defensa filogenéticamente heredado para prevenir la hipoxia tisular es el aumento en el transporte de oxígeno sistémico (p.ej. taquicardia en el ejercicio). El ejemplo del ejercicio fundamenta la hipótesis de que al incrementar el aporte de oxígeno a nivel sistémico se podría corregir la hipoxia celular; sin embargo existen reportes que contraponen esta hipótesis con resultados que muestran aumento de la mortalidad con las estrategias de aumento en el transporte de oxígeno. La ineficacia de las estrategias mencionadas sugiere que la conservación de un adecuado aporte energético a nivel celular durante el estado crítico, no depende únicamente del transporte de oxígeno sistémico y de la oxigenación a nivel celular, sino también de mecanismos complejos de transporte masivo, control microvascular y metabolismo bioenergético a nivel celular.

PALABRAS CLAVE

Transporte de oxígeno, hipoxia tisular, aporte de oxígeno, consumo de oxígeno.

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2006, Número 2

2006; 65 (2)