ABSTRACT

Introduction: Currently, hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a treatment for hematological neoplasms. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication of HSCT, pulmonary involvements are frequent, among them is thoracic air leak syndrome (SFAT). Clinical case: 22-year-old male with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), post allogeneic HSCT (HPT). In those who are admitted for recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, infectious processes are ruled out and biopsies are taken with reports compatible with GVHD. Treatment was by endopleural catheter and bilateral pleurodesis, with adequate resolution of the condition after the latter. Conclusion: SFAT is a rare and late non-infectious lung complication of HPT, characterized by spontaneous pneumothorax. Which is associated with a poor forecast.

KEYWORDS

Thoracic air leak syndrome, graft versus host disease, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, anti-Ro52.

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