ABSTRACT

The use of electronic cigarettes is becoming increasingly popular among Mexican adolescents and young adults. The lung injury associated with the use of this device is well recognized and has already caused the death of a young adult in our country, likewise, in the United States it has reached an epidemic level with thousands of people affected and dozens of deaths. The pathophysiology of this disease has not been elucidated due to the numerous compounds added to these cigarettes, but diluents such as vitamin E acetate added to tetrahydrocannabinol are particularly relevant. The diagnosis of this entity is mainly one of exclusion in patients with a history of use of these products, and signs and symptoms of lung injury. Management is essentially supporting treatment, considering also more prevalent pulmonary infections. Health professionals should insist on the suspension of electronic cigarette use.

KEYWORDS

EVALI, electronic cigarette, lung injury, pneumonia, tetrahydrocannabinol.

REFERENCES

1. Davidson K, Brancato A, Heetderks P, Mansour W, Matheis E, Nario M, et al. Outbreak of electronic-cigarette- associated acute lipoid pneumonia-North Carolina, july-august 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(36):784-786. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6836e1.

2. Khan MS, Khateeb F, Akhtar J, Khan Z, Lal A, Kholodovych V, et al. Organizing pneumonia related to electronic cigarette use: A case report and review of literature. Clin Respir J. 2018;12(3):1295-1299. doi: 10.1111/crj.12775.

3. Belok SH, Parikh R, Bernardo J, Kathuria H. E-cigarette, or vaping, product use- associated lung injury: a review. Pneumonia (Nathan). 2020;12:12. doi: 10.1186/s41479-020-00075-2.

4. Jonas AM, Raj R. Vaping-related acute parenchymal lung injury: a systematic review. Chest. 2020;158(4):1555-1565. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.085.

5. Instituto Nacional De Salud Pública [Internet]. El cigarrillo electrónico, un riesgo para jóvenes mexicanos. [Consultado el 25 de noviembre del 2020]. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.insp.mx/avisos/3789-cigarro-electronico-riesgo.html

6. Moritz ED, Zapata LB, Lekiachvili A, Glidden E, Annor FB, Werner AK, et al. Update: characteristics of patients in a national outbreak of E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injuries - United States, October 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(43):985-989. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6843e1.

7. Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, Morel-Espinosa M, Valentin-Blasini L, Gardner M, et al. Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):697-705. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1916433.

8. Navon L, Jones CM, Ghinai I, King BA, Briss PA, Hacker KA, et al. Risk factors for E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) among adults who use e-cigarette, or vaping, products-Illinois, July-October 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(45):1034-1039. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6845e1.

9. Cherian SV, Kumar A, Estrada-Y-Martin RM. E-cigarette or vaping product- associated lung injury: a review. Am J Med. 2020;133(6):657-663. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.02.004.

10. Christiani DC. Vaping-induced acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):960-962. doi: 10.1056/nejme1912032.

11. Smith ML, Gotway MB, Crotty Alexander LE, Hariri LP. Vaping-related lung injury. Virchows Arch. 2020;1-8. doi: 10.1007/s00428-020-02943-0.

12. Winnicka L, Shenoy MA. EVALI and the pulmonary toxicity of electronic cigarettes: a review. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;35(7):2130-2135. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05813-2.

13. Dicpinigaitis PV, Trachuk P, Fakier F, Teka M, Suhrland MJ. Vaping-associated acute respiratory failure due to acute lipoid pneumonia. Lung. 2020;198(1):31-33. doi: 10.1007/s00408-019-00277-6.

14. Layden JE, Ghinai I, Pray I, Kimball A, Layer M, Tenforde MW, et al. Pulmonary illness related to E-cigarette use in Illinois and Wisconsin-final report. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:903-916. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911614.

15. Conuel EJ, Chieng HC, Fantauzzi J, Pokhrel K, Goldman C, Smith TC, et al. Cannabinoid oil vaping-associated lung injury and its radiographic appearance. Am J Med. 2020;133(7):865-867. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.10.032.

16. Arter ZL, Wiggins A, Hudspath C, Kisling A, Hostler DC, Hostler JM. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia following electronic cigarette use. Respir Med Case Rep. 2019;27:100825. doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.100825.

17. Jatlaoui TC, Wiltz JL, Kabbani S, Siegel DA, Koppaka R, Montandon M, et al. Update: interim guidance for health care providers for managing patients with suspected E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury-United States, November 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(46):1081-1086. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6846e2.

18. Fonseca Fuentes X, Kashyap R, Hays JT, Chalmers S, Lama von Buchwald C, Gajic O, et al. VpALI-vaping-related acute lung injury: a new killer around the block. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019;94(12):2534-2545. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.10.010.

19. Chatham-Stephens K, Roguski K, Jang Y, Cho P, Jatlaoui TC, Kabbani S, et al. Characteristics of hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients in a nationwide outbreak of E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury-United States, November 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(46):1076-1080. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6846e1.

20. Triantafyllou GA, Tiberio PJ, Zou RH, Lamberty PE, Lynch MJ, Kreit JW, et al. Vaping-associated acute lung injury: a case series. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(11):1430-1431. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201909-1809le.

21. Mikosz CA, Danielson M, Anderson KN, Pollack LA, Currie DW, Njai R, et al. Characteristics of patients experiencing rehospitalization or death after hospital discharge in a nationwide outbreak of E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;68(5152):1183-1188. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm685152e1.