ABSTRACT

Addiction is a complex disease affecting the central nervous system, and consists of a set of characteristic symptoms and signs. The origin of addiction is multifactorial. In this article, we addresses three aspects: 1) knowledge bases related to chemical substances in cigarette smoke, 2) process the neurobiology of nicotine addiction, and 3) a review of recent literature about genetic association studies in the addictive process and related phenotypic traits. Regarding the literature review, was used the search tool based from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) of the United States, the key words used were Nicotine, Smoking, Dependence, Genetic, Tobacco, Neurobiology and GWAS. The revised publication period was from January 2005 to July 2010. In conclusion, there are abundant studies which demonstrate that the genetic component contributes to a large proportion of the risk of developing addiction to nicotine, thus generating new knowledge on genes or genome regions that had not previously been described in the addiction process and now become a new field of scientific exploration.

KEYWORDS

Nicotina, smoking, dependence, neurobiology, GWAS.

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