ABSTRACT

Arterial blood gas analysis is a test that is recommended for evaluating a patient’s acid-base disorders, ventilatory and oxygenation abnormalities. Is useful to follow-up a patient’s response to any pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Also, to analyze the severity and progression of any previous disease that has been evaluated for gas exchange abnormalities. This manuscript has the purpose to provide an overview of the current international recommendations on blood gas analysis according to the latest recommendations provided by the American Academy of Respiratory Care published in 2013.

KEYWORDS

Arterial blood gas analysis, procedure, recommendations.

REFERENCES

1. Davis MD, Walsh BK, Sittig SE, Restrepo RD. AARC clinical practice guideline: blood gas analysis and hemoximetry: 2013. Respir Care 2013;58(10):1694-1703. doi: 10.4187/respcare.02786.

2. Herrington WG, Nye HJ, Hammersley MS, Watkinson PJ. Are arterial and venous samples clinically equivalent for the estimation of pH, serum bicarbonate and potassium concentration in critically ill patients? Diabet Med 2012;29(1):32-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03390.x.

3. Walkey AJ, Farber HW, O’Donnell C, Cabral H, Eagan JS, Philippides GJ. The accuracy of the central venous blood gas for acid-base monitoring. J Intensive Care Med 2010;25(2):104-110. doi: 10.1177/0885066609356164.

4. Breen PH. Arterial blood gas and pH analysis. Clinical approach and interpretation. Anesthesiol Clin North America 2001;19(4):885-906, x.

5. Palange P, Ferrazza AM. A simplified approach to the interpretation of arterial blood gas analysis. Breath 2009;6(1):14-22. doi: 10.1183/18106838.0601.014

6. Patout M, Lamia B, Lhuillier E, et al. A randomized controlled trial on the effect of needle gauge on the pain and anxiety experienced during radial arterial puncture. PLoS One 2015;10(9):e0139432. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139432

7. Higgins C. The use of heparin in preparing samples for blood-gas analysis. MLO Med Lab Obs 2007;39(10):16-18.

8. Cortés-Telles A, Bautista-Bernal A, Torre-Bouscoulet L. Efecto de la anestesia en ungüento sobre la intensidad del dolor durante la realización de una gasometría arterial. Un ensayo abierto. Neumol Cir Torax 2012;71(4): 339-342.

9. Woolley A, Hickling K. Errors in measuring blood gases in the intensive care unit: effect of delay in estimation. J Crit Care 2003;18(1):31-37.

10. Knowles TP, Mullin RA, Hunter JA, Douce FH. Effects of syringe material, sample storage time, and temperature on blood gases and oxygen saturation in arterialized human blood samples. Respir Care 2006;51(7):732-736.

11. Lu JY, Kao JT, Chien TI, Lee TF, Tsai KS. Effects of air bubbles and tube transportation on blood oxygen tension in arterial blood gas analysis. J Formos Med Assoc 2003;102(4):246-249.

12. Shapiro BA. Temperature correction of blood gas values. Respir Care Clin N Am 1995;1(1):69-76.

13. Allegranzi B, Pittet D. Role of hand hygiene in healthcare-associated infection prevention. J Hosp Infect 2009;73(4):305-315. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.04.019

14. Garner JS. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals. The Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996;17(1):53-80.

15. Wagner PD. The physiological basis of pulmonary gas exchange: implications for clinical interpretation of arterial blood gases. Eur Respir J 2015;45(1):227-243. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00039214.

16. Vázquez-García JC, Pérez-Padilla R. Valores gasométricos estimados para las principales poblaciones y sitios a mayor altitud en México. Rev Inst Nal Enf Resp Mex 2000;13(1):6-13.

17. Pérez-Padilla R, Vázquez-García JC. Calculation of gasometric values at different altitudes above sea level in Mexico. Rev Invest Clin 2000;52(2):148-155.

18. Kaufman DA. Interpretation of arterial blood gases (ABGs). ATS. Access date: 2016 September 21. Available from: https://www.thoracic.org/professionals/clinical-resources/critical-care/clinical-education/abgs.php