RESUMEN

La infección por VIH ha modificado la incidencia, las presentaciones clínicas, la morbilidad y la mortalidad de las infecciones oportunistas pulmonares de los pacientes; el grado de inmunocompromiso confirmado por el conteo de linfocitos T CD4+, factores exposicionales, uso de medicamentos preventivos para infecciones oportunistas y tiempo de evolución del cuadro clínico son factores que deben ser analizados para elaborar un diagnóstico adecuado. Los métodos diagnósticos más utilizados en las complicaciones pulmonares de los pacientes infectados por VIH son: radiografía simple de tórax, pruebas de función respiratoria, gammagrafía pulmonar, tomografía axial computada de tórax, procedimientos quirúrgicos invasivos como fibrobroncoscopía, biopsia de ganglio cervical, mediastinoscopía, biopsia pulmonar a cielo abierto, punción y biopsia pleural. Los hallazgos radiográficos son extremadamente variados y dependen del agente causal y el grado de inmunodeficiencia. Palabras clave: Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), Pneumocystis jiroveci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, micosis pulmonar.

PALABRAS CLAVE

Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), Pneumocystis jiroveci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, micosis pulmonar.

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