ABSTRACT

HIV infection has changed the incidence, clinical presentations, morbility and mortality of the pulmonary HIV-related disease. The degree of immunodeficiency confirmed by the T CD4+ lymphocyte count, exposure factors, the use of preventive drugs for opportunistic infections and the time of evolution of clinical symptoms have to be analyzed in order to elaborate an adequate diagnostic approach. The most frequently used diagnostic methods for pulmonary complications in HIV-infected patients include: chest radiography, respiratory function tests, pulmonary gammagraphy, computed axial chest tomography, invasive surgical procedures like fibrobroncoscopy, cervical lymph node biopsy, mediastinoscopy, open pulmonary biopsy, pleural punction and biopsy. The radiographic findings are extremely varied and depend on the causal agent and the degree of immunodeficiency.

KEYWORDS

Human immunodeficiency virus, Pneumocystis jiroveci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, pulmonary mycosis.

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